Environmental glossary
Aerosols – are small solid particles or liquid drops from smoke, dust, fly ash and condensed gaseous substances that can be found in the air. Some of these particles are large or dark enough to be seen as a smoke or soot. They arise in industrial processes, landfills, combustion of fuel, the dust from roads, construction works, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc.
Some particles are emitted directly from their sources, while others are formed when gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides or non-methane organic gases and steam react with other compounds in the air and form a less volatile substance and also finest micro-dispersed particles, with whom gases can re- enter into reactions. Aerosols are very harmful to human health.
Bio- waste or organic waste is biodegradable waste that biological treatment can adapt to high-quality compost.
Agenda 21 - an action plan for improvement. Document adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development -UNCD in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
Active substance - a product of plant metabolism, which has the appropriate healing properties
Allochthonous species - geologic units that originated at a distance from their present position.
Anthropogenic changes - changes in the external environment caused by man's activities.
Anthropozoogenic changes - changes in the external environment caused by activities of man and domestic animals.
Range - is a part of the territory or waters inhabited by certain species.
Aarhus Convention - is Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. It is adopted at the fourth Ministerial Conference in Aarhus, Denmark on 1998.
Autochthonous (indigenous, aboriginals) - species / subspecies / population /ecosystem, which is in the nature of a particular area or state, within its known natural distribution.
Autochthonous species- species naturally distributed in some area.
Gene bank (seeds, fruits, vegetative parts) - specially organized and highly specialized collection of living plant material which is collected, stored, maintained and grew under strictly controlled and specific conditions.
Benthos (gr. benthos – depth) – community of aquatic organisms that most of its life- cycle spend related to the bottom of the aquatic ecosystem, whether attached to it, either to move freely.
Depending on the type of ecosystem (marine or freshwater, running or standing water) and the depth in which they are located, these organisms (plant and animal) develop various adaptations.
Depending on the types of organisms, benthos community includes phytobenthos (plant organisms) and zoobenthos (or bottom fauna, animal organisms). This living community is especially important in littoral zone of standing water as well as in all running waters.
In the running waters, especially in fast- running, like are mountain streams and rivers, phytobenthos are basic primary producers and convenient hiding place for the development of many animal organisms.
Biocoenosis (gr. bios - life, koinos - common) - communities of living organisms (biological community), form of co-existence of organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.) that was created and is still maintained on the basis of environmental laws.
It represents very integrated and complex whole, arising as a result of long-term ecological processes and evolution of individual species, which can be divided- only because of methodical approach to research, into plant (phytocoenosis) and animal community (zoocoenosis).
Examples of biocoenosis in terrestrial ecosystems are larch or deciduous forest, ponds, land etc.and in aquatic ecosystems- phytoplankton, fish settlement, bottom fauna, etc.
Biocycle (gr. bios - life, kyklos - circle) -
1. The biggest ecological complex in biosphere which is composed of mutually related ecosystems and biomes.
There are three biocycles in biosphere: biocycle of the World sea (salt waters of ocean and sea), biocycle of ground waters (mostly sweet; rivers, ponds, lakes, etc.) and biocycle of terrestrial ecosystems and biomes. All biocycles together constitute the biosphere;
2. A regular shift in the development stages of the organism.
Biodiversity - the diversity of forms, phenomena and processes in the living world as an evolutionary response to spatial, time and any other variability of ecological conditions.
Bio- indicators of environmental pollution -, they their habit or physiological processes show a specific response to the given pollutants, based on what is the substance detected in the middle.
Bio- indicators of environmental pollution - plant and animal species that specifically respond to the pollution of certain pollutants, showing specific response to the given pollutants by their habit or physiological processes, based on what is that substance detected in the environment.
Biological diversity - the variety and variability of biological forms, phenomena and processes within living organisms and ecological complexes, which they are part of, as a response to the evolution of variability of ecological factors. It includes diversity within species (genotypes), between species and ecosystems
Biological resources - organisms or their parts, populations or any other biotic component of ecosystems that have current or potential use-value for the human race.
Biome - is a complex of related ecosystems that are in different relations of mutual connection and interdependence. Examples of water biomes are running water, sea, etc. Ecosystems and biomes are united in biocycles.
Biosphere (gr. bios - life, sphaira - sphere) - parts of the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere, populated by living beings- whose life activity is substantially changing them; the ultimate unity of the living and inanimate nature.
Processes of matter circulation take place in biosphere within bio- geo- chemical cycles and energy flow, which represents a specific planetary mechanism, in the cosmic scale known only to our planet.
Biodegradable substances- is generally organic, plant or animal origin, derived from living organism; but also we can have artificial substances that are similar enough to plant and animal organism, and can be deconstructed in a natural way due to activity of microorganisms (aerobic or anaerobic).
Most organic substances, such as the remains of food or paper are biodegradable. Biodegradable substances are without harmful effects on the environment.
Biotechnology - any application of technology that uses biological systems, living organisms or their products, to produce products for specific purposes.
Biotope (gr. bios - life, topos - place) or life habitat – is a part of populated area of the country that is characterized by specific complex of ecological factors (e.g. temperature, light, humidity, altitude, slope, etc).
Biotope forms an integrated system together with its live settlement, which is defined as ecosystem, i.e. Bio-geo-coenosis.
Bird Life International, ex ICBP - International Council for Birds Protection
Species richness - is the total number of different species in the monitored area - an expression of biological diversity.
Botanical Garden – scientifically - research, teaching and cultural institution where can be found collections of living plants that represents the diversity and richness of plant life on Earth.
CITES – s Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
Red Book - is a scientific publication that contains comprehensive data on basic characteristics of species, the extent of its vulnerability, compromising factors, as well as proposals for protection measures of the species. It represents a scientific basis for the initiation of specific forms of protection.
Red list - a scientific publication that contains a list of endangered species, with basic data on degree of vulnerability and distribution. It is a basis for making Red Book.
Degraded environment - the cultivated areas, whose biodiversity and productivity is substantially reduced.
The Declaration – a formal statement or document containing the official announcement of the views or opinions, usually of governmental body or international bodies.
Diversity (biological diversity) – is the variety and variability of biological forms, phenomena and processes within living organisms and ecological complexes which they are part of. It includes diversity within species, populations and ecosystems.
Wild species/subspecies - are the ones whose genotype (evolutionary processes) is not deliberately influenced by man.
Domestic or cultural species/ subspecies – are the ones whose genotype is influenced by man because of his needs.
ECNC - European Centre for Nature Conservation
ECOWET - Ecological - Economical Analysis of Wetland
EEA - European Environment Agency – The goal of this agency is the protection and analysis of data in the field of environment at the EU level in order to provide objective, reliable and comparative data that will enable the Community and Member States to take appropriate measures for environmental protection, complete evaluation of achieved results and provide adequate information to the public regarding the state of the environment.
EECONET - European Ecological Network
ECNC - European Centre for Nature Conservation
Ecology (gr. ojkos - environment, house, logos - science) – is the science on related organisms or individual species and their communities regarding environmental conditions.
Ecological niche - by simplified, but easily understandable definition means the place and role of species (cenobiont) in ecosystem. It can be defined as a set of environmental conditions which species use or may use according to their ecological features and reaction norm.
Ecological network – is a set of interrelated or spatially- close ecological significantly areas, which by balanced bio- geographic distribution contributes significantly to the preservation of natural balance and biodiversity.
Ecological factors – different types of influences which act on individual organisms or entire communities.
They can be divided in a- biotic (different physical - chemical conditions of the environment-climate, edaphic and orographic factors) and biotic (mutual influence of organisms), within is especially distinguished anthropogenic (human impact), because of its importance and intensity.
Ecological character of habitats – specific natural values which that ecosystem/ habitat apart from other ecosystems / habitats.
Ecological Corridor – one or more ecological connections that allow movement of populations of organisms from one locality to another and are part of the ecological network.
Environmental education- is, in the narrow sense, education and training of professionals in the field of ecology and related sciences and disciplines.
Ecosystem – a complex structural-functional unity of living and inanimate nature, or biotopes and biocoenosis.
Ecotype – inherently fixed ecological types of organisms within the population of one species, which are incurred as a result of a complex action of environmental factors in a particular habitat.
Eco - toxicology or ecological toxicology is interdisciplinary scientific discipline studying the toxic effects of chemical substances on organisms, populations, and biocoenosis.
Exploitation- is (utilization) of natural resources. Unlike the use, it is often used in terms of permanently unsustainable (unbalanced) development of natural resources.
Emission- release; refers, primarily to the gaseous pollutants that are emitted into the atmosphere by anthropogenic activities.
Endemic species - a species of wild plants, animals and fungi, whose diffusion is limited to the specific area.
Ex site preservation – is preservation of biological diversity components, outside their natural sites (habitats) in zoos, aquariums, terrariums, botanical gardens, and preservation of geological diversity evidence, (rocks, ores, minerals, crystals and fossils) in museums or individuals collections.
Endemorelic – species whose natural distribution is very limited, and which is reliably known to be from further or closer past.
ENVCD (Environmental Measures in Developing Countries) – European Union’s measures in the field of environmental protection in developing countries. It deals with financing projects, aimed at integration of ecological dimension in development process in order to achieve sustainable development in developing countries through the initiation of a new generation of action programs.
EURONATUR - Organization of the European Union for the Protection of Nature
EUROPARC FEDERATION - European Federation of National Parks
EUROSITE – European network of organizations that manage natural resources, in order to improve protection of nature through the management of land and water as well as through the exchange of information for the benefit of nature and the possibility for people to enjoy in it.
Eutrofan ecosystem – indicates ecosystem with large organic production. The term is usually used in hydro ecology.
Eutrophication (gr. eutrophos- well, trophe -food) – is the natural process of increasing organic production in ecosystem.
European Ecological Network - "EECONET", 1994; the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture is developing a European ecological network for nature conservation.
Ecological packaging – is packaging that doesn`t harm nature and is made from materials that are biodegradable, so that instead of packaging made of artificial materials, this eco packaging is its "environmentally friendly" alternative.
Fauna – all animal species on the earth, the animal species of an area.
Flora (lat. Flora – goddess of flowers; flos, floris - flower) – is all plant species of specific area.
Geiger counter – is an instrument for detection and measurement of radioactive radiation and fast particles.
Genetic material – is any material of plant, animal, microbes or other origin, containing functional units of inheritance.
Genetically modified organisms - are the ones whose genetic material is changed- in comparison to the one that naturally occurs as a result of mating, recombination and natural selection.
Genetic resources - are genetic material that has actual or potential value for humanity.
Gene pool - is the totality of the genome of all species in particular geographic area.
Genomic of species - is a complex of hereditary factors contained in the chromosomes of all individuals within a species.
Geo-diversity – describes a variety of geological phenomena and their respective processes within a certain area, and is one of the factors and criteria that determine the natural values of a place or landscape, while by complementarities influence on biodiversity.
Geological structure - means the composition, age and part of the circuit courts, usually showed by geologic map.
Geological profile – a graphical presentation of geological materials in a vertical or slope plane in those parts of the terrain that are directly observed on the surface or theirs deeper parts.
Geomorphologic - refers to the relief of the country.
Geo-heritage – all geological, geomorphologic and special archaeological values created during the formation of lithosphere, its morphology shaping and interdependence of nature and human cultures, which because of extraordinary scientific and cultural significance, as a part of a single geo-heritage of Europe i.e. the world must be a special concern of all social factors.
Geotop – a limited part of the geo-sphere with prominent geo-values, which should be protected from influences that might compromise its composition, shape or natural development and at the same time, is a spatial unit complementary to the biotopes.
Globally significant species (species of international importance) –
- 1) Species included in the European red list of globally threatened plant and animal species in 1991;
- 2) Species for whose is State responsible for a significant fraction of the total range or population, and
- 3) Species recognized as a species of international significance using other specific international acts.
Herbicides – chemicals that control the growth and progress and destroy unwanted plants. Industrial waste is a type of waste that is produced in industrial plants and mines. It came with the appearance of the industrial revolution.
IBA - International Bird Areas - internationally important bird habitats that meet the strict criteria’s of IBA program (evaluation of areas by importance for the birds), whose holder is organization Bird Life International.
In-situ protection, preservation – is preservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of vital populations of species / subspecies in their natural environment, and in the case of domestic species, in an environment in which they develop their properties.
Inter-Wet – the project of protecting and promoting wetlands (economics and management).
Introduction – is deliberately or inadvertently entering of certain types of wild plants, animals and fungi in the territory and ecosystems, where were not naturally settled.
Introduced species/subspecies – are those a- acclimatized and reproduced in nature, since they are by deliberately or inadvertently human activities introduced in Montenegro, where naturally would not spread.
Indicator species – is a species of wild plants, animals and fungi, whose ecological status indicates the status of other species and general condition of the ecosystem, which are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and are used to assess the overall situation.
Extinct species – is a species of wild plants, animals and fungi, for which, there is reasonable suspicion that the last unit of its kind is dead.
Invasive species – the foreign species of wild plants, animals and fungi, whose colonization or spread, threaten to the biological diversity of Montenegro.
In situ conservation- is the conservation of natural ecosystems and habitats, maintenance and revitalization of wild plants species, animals and fungi, able to survive in natural environment, conservation of cultivated plants and domestic animals in an environment where they developed their specificity and conservation of geo-diversity appearance at the place of origin or deposits of rocks, ores, minerals, crystals and fossils.
IUCN – International Union for Conservation (preservation) of Nature (World Conservation Union) is an organization that influences, encourage and assist to the societies throughout the world, to protect integrity and diversity of nature and provide an environmentally sustainable and uniformly use of natural resources. It is an association of governmental and non-governmental members, until now- over 900, from 137 countries around the world. Headquarters of this organization is in Gland, Switzerland.
Bud (geol.) – is rock bursting to the surface terrain, available for observation and not covered by soil or decomposition products.
Built environment – the environment, dominated by buildings, roads, docks, dams and other structures, and whose maintenance of ecological processes, biodiversity and biological resources depends on the natural, altered or cultivated ecosystems / environments.
Amended (modified) environment– the environment on which human influences are greater than the influences of any other species, but whose component parts are not cultured and whose biodiversity is not substantially reduced.
Industrial waste – can be toxic and chemical. Chemical waste is arising from hazardous chemicals, which are used mostly in large factories.
Insecticides – are chemicals that are used against insects in all their developmental stages. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industrial production and households. It is believed that the use of pesticides is the biggest factor of increasing agricultural production in the 20th century. Nearly all insecticides have ability to significantly change the eco system, many of them are harmful to human health, and others are accumulating in food chain. It is necessary to find a balance between agricultural needs- natural and health issues when talking about the use of insecticides.
Classic site (locus classicus) – site where are founded, for the first time, new species and from which is collected example (type) on whose base is done scientific description of species.
Climate ecosystem – natural, final level of ecosystems successive development of stabilized relations of biotic and biotic factors.
Code of conduct for the conservation of endangered animals and plants and other species, (Geneva/New York: ECE/ ENVWA/24 1992) – is a collective response of European countries government on the ECE Declaration on the conservation of flora and fauna and its habitats from 1988, in order to preserve the endangered, migratory and characteristic species for Europe. It contains various recommendations, including a stimulus for the preparation of national lists of species of international importance.
Species Survival Commission – in the IUCN, established in the Cambridge Centre for Monitoring Protection (Conservation Monitoring Center).
The concept of sustainable development – incorporates three areas: economics, ecology and fairness (impartiality). Sustainable development is development towards meeting the needs of present generations without endangering the future ability to meet their needs. The concept of sustainable development was leading idea in the National Summit in Rio de Janeiro on 1992.
Convention – an international agreement or document about it and instruments for its implementation.
Convention on biological diversity – is framework for an action plan on biodiversity protection, for preventing the reduction of biodiversity and species; because of the interdependence of different species and ecosystems, irrespective of the boundaries of a state, this plan is implemented at the international level. The European Community ratified the Convention on December 1993. The European Union has a leading role in implementing the objectives of the Convention.
Corridors, natural, environmentally – the paths, links, or passes that provide complement of life cycles or smooth migration i.e. gene flow.
The use of natural resources – recently more often in terms of the use of natural resources in line (compatible) with the principles of permanently sustainable (balanced) development.
Critically endangered species – a species that are in immediate danger of disappearance (CE - critically endangered).
Cultural heritage (in terms of the Paris Convention for the World cultural and natural heritage)– monuments: architectural works, monumental sculpture and painting works, archaeological objects (structures) or their elements, inscriptions, cave habitation and combinations of all these features, which are of the world exceptional value from the view of history, art or science;
Building complexes: groups of separate or connected buildings which are of the world exceptional value from the view of history, art or science because of its architecture, homogeneity or position in the area; Places: works of man or combined works of man and nature areas with archaeological sites, which are of the world great value from the view of history, aesthetics, ethnology and anthropology.
Cultural environment – the environment in which human influences are greater than the impact of any other kind, and whose majority of constituent parts are cultivated, but whose biodiversity is anthropogenically conditioned.
Municipal waste- is household trash, garbage that comes by cleaning public and crowded areas, waste similar to household trash arising in the working premises, facilities and services. In containers for municipal waste is prohibited disposal of: half liquid and liquid substances, dead animals, electric batteries, batteries, car tires, waste from slaughterhouses, butcher and fish market, green waste, construction waste, hazardous waste, packaging waste.
Site – a geographically defined area whose surface is clearly marked.
Local endemic – species that are in their total distribution limited solely to the part of the territory within the state borders of one country.
Mineral - is homogeneous chemical element or compound in the form of crystallized or amorphous material, of certain structure, form and composition, except for mineral resources.
Monitoring – a permanent, long-term or periodic monitoring and assessment of biological and other environmental changes (parameters) using a specific methodology.
National parks – are natural sites of land or sea, i.e. land and sea to protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations, while preventing inadequate use of natural resources or other harmful actions and activities and provide a basis for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational needs and the needs of visitors in accordance with environmental protection and culture. In national park is forbidden to perform actions and activities that endanger the originality of nature.
NATURA 2000 – a program for establishing the European ecological network, which will consist of specially protected areas, due to the protection of natural habitats and species within them, of special importance for the EU. Establishing a network NATURA 2000 is prescribed by Directive for protection of the EU Habitats (92/43/EEC).
Non - renewable energy – are natural sources that are the result of geological processes millions of years long. For example: ores, minerals, fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal, etc.).
Education for the environment- the process of developing knowledge, skills and attitudes of people of all ages, occupations and previous education toward nature and the environment, a set of programs and forms of education in protecting nature and environment; field activities of institutions for formal and informal education as well as other specialized institutions.
Biodiversity conservation - is preservation (or integral protection), maintenance, permanently sustainable use, restoration and upgrading of components of biological diversity.
Renewable energy sources – are natural sources of energy that can regenerate naturally. They can be plant and animal origin. Renewable energy uses natural resources such as solar energy, wind, tide, geothermal heat, which naturally regenerate.
Waste disposal – is its classification, transport and treatment, and its deposit on the surface or below the surface.
Hazardous waste –is waste that contains ingredients that can cause permanent or temporary impairment of health and natural environment. For example: radioactive waste.
Organic food- food that is produced according to certain production standards. For example, the grain may not be obtained by using pesticides, artificial fertilizers, human waste, and in processing must not be treated with ionizing radiation, or added additives for food. As regards animals, they are grown without the use of antibiotics and growth hormones. In most countries, food that carries an organic label must not be genetically modified.
Organic waste - includes everything of natural origin- grass, leaves, trees, food residues.
Waste- a substance or objects that are not primary products (i.e. products that are meant for market for consumer goods), then the goods which ended their utility century, substances which occur in the processing of raw materials into final products, and rejected trash that is created by human activities.
Paleontology - the science that studies plant and animal organisms that lived in different periods of geological history.
Parks for life (IUCN/WCPA) - World Commission for Protected Areas, EUROPARC Federation, WWF, WCMC, BLI, 1994.); is an action plan for protected areas in Europe, a framework for 30 priority projects in the field of nature protection at European level.
PEBLDS - Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy
PHARE (Assistance to the Reform Process in certain countries of Central and Eastern Europe) – is the European Union technical assistance program for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. PHARE program is an initiative of the European Union aimed at providing the necessary resources to the countries of Eastern and Central Europe in the process of economic transformation and strengthening democracy.
Pesticides – are chemical substances or mixtures used in the prevention or destruction of pests’ attacks. Pesticides include poisons for suppression of:-insects (insecticides), -rodents (rodenticides),-weeds (herbicides),-fungi (fungicides), spider-mites (acaricide), and mollusc- (molluscicides).
PET or Polyethylene teraftalat - is a thermoplastic polymer granule from the family of polyester and has a wide application in the production of synthetic fibers, packaging for beverage, food or liquids. PET is one of the most important raw materials used in artificial obtained fibers. Period of PET degradation is a few hundred years.
Reuse – is reusing materials, i.e. rejected thing without changing the structure of its material, which may for example be the case for recycling.
Population – a group of individuals of the same species, which, in a given period of time, inhabit the same space and have realistic opportunity to get into reproductive processes (genetic material exchanges).
Natural heritage (in terms of Paris Convention for the World cultural and natural heritage) – natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, having value of world significance from aesthetic or scientific point of view, also physical- geographical and geological formations and specific surfaces that are habitats of endangered animals and plants species of great value of world significance from point of view of science, protection and preservation of nature or as natural beauty.
Natural environment - the environment on which human influences (a) are not proportionally higher than the impacts of any indigenous species (not including global climate change) and (b) don’t cause changes in the environmental structure.
Natural rarities – plant or animal species or their communities, whose survival in their natural habitats is endangered or their population is rapidly declining, and distribution of the area is reduced, or they are rare in distribution as species that have special significance from the ecological, bio- geographical, genetic, economic, health and other point of view.
Pro-GEO – European Association for the conservation of geo (logical) heritage, founded in the Netherlands, on 1988. Up to now, almost all European countries are included, which are organized by the principle of regional working groups (WG).
PVC – polyvinyl chloride or PVC for short- is widely used as thermoplastic polymer. Globally, over 50% of manufactured PVC is used in the construction industry, where increasingly replacing traditional building materials such as wood, concrete and clay. As a hard plastic is used for making magnetic tapes, records, window profiles, pipes for water, while as soft plastic is used in making clothes, floors, insulation of electric cables for example. Although PVC has adverse effects on human health and environment, it still has wide application. PVC is recycled in insignificant amount because of its expensive costs of recycling. There are attempts to obtain fuel and minerals from PVC using certain industrial processes.
Rational use of natural resources- use of natural resources in the manner and extent which does not lead to their long-term reductions.
Ramsar Convention - is Convention on the conservation and reaffirmed use of wetlands as regulators of water regimes and habitats of characteristic flora and fauna, especially wading birds; Convention on wetlands that are of international significance, especially as wading birds habitats.
Ramsar areas – wet habitats that meet requirements of Ramsar Convention and on that basis are on the list of UNESCO Ramsar areas.
Recycling - the process of collecting and treating waste to be re-used as raw material in making the same or similar products.
Sanitary landfills – specifically organized space, built and equipped for permanent, controlled, organized and safe disposal of waste, so as not to hurt the surroundings and nature, and human health.
Natural monument – a site of land or sea, i.e. land and sea where is one or more natural or natural - cultural forms, which have ecological, scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational nature value. Natural monument can be: geological (paleontological, mineralogical, hydro geological, structure- geological, oil- geological, sediment logical al.), geomorphologic (cave, hole, rocks, etc...), hydrological (stream, lake, etc…), botanical (rare or by location significant example of plant life etc…), spatial small botanical and zoological locality and others.
On the natural monument and in its immediate vicinity, which is an integral part of protected natural goods, is forbidden to perform actions and activities that threaten the characteristics, values and role of natural monument.
Habitats of the species/ subspecies/ population – a space or a place in nature where can be found one organism or population, i.e. specific areas (the framework of life) - where live an animal / plant, with total complex of flora, fauna, soil and climatic conditions that these species / subspecies / populations are adapted on. It is the same as habitat.
Biodiversity conservation strategy of the European Union – adopted on February 1998. It represents the policy work of the sector for biodiversity protection in EU. Biodiversity protection is directly regulated by Directives on the protection of birds and habitats.
WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature (former World Wildlife Fund); Gland, Switzerland.
World natural heritage - the goods, due to its unique characteristics in the world are on the UNESCO world natural heritage list and thus enjoy a special protection regime at the international level.
Styrofoam - is expanded polystyrene, the best known heat-insulating material. Styrofoam is widely used in industry and manufacturing, but it is widely known for its use in making packaging packing, or a glass of coffee and hot drinks to go, or for example for transport. As for its destruction in nature, it lasts for several hundred years. Styrofoam is unfortunately rarely, if at all, recycled, because its recycling is not profitable. The use of disposable Styrofoam containers for food and drink is prohibited in many countries.
Toxic waste – a waste material, often in chemical form, which can cause death or injury of a living being. Toxic waste usually occurs as a product of industrial production, but may arise due to the activities of urban, agricultural, military, medical facilities, radioactive sources, light industry, such as dry cleaning, for example. Toxins are normally typically released into the air, water or land.
UNEP - United Nations Environmental Program
Waste management- is the process of collecting, transporting, processing, recycling and disposal of waste materials, particularly those produced by human activities, in order to reduce their impact on human health, appearance and hygiene of the environment.
In the past few decades, an increasing tendency is that the basic objectives of waste management are considered as its impact on the environment, as well as the possibilities of obtaining new sources of raw materials from waste.
Water as an environmental factor– without water, which completely dominates in chemical composition of all organisms, there would be no life on Earth. Thanks to its unique physical and chemical characteristics, it enables biochemical metabolism process in all known organisms
Species – group of organisms that have common morphological characteristics and can be mutually intersected, and are reproductively isolated from groups of organisms that belong to other species.
WCMC – The World Conservation Monitoring Centre
WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature
Pollution – any introduction of Allochthonous and harmful substances (e.g. nitrogen and sulfur oxides, ozone, organic matter, heavy metals, etc..), in habitats / ecosystems, leading to changes in the composition of the living world and the resulting reduction of biodiversity.
Protected area – geographically defined areas separated or declared to manage it in terms of specific objectives to protect and preserve, or any other place that is subject to legal or administrative protection regime, intended to preserve the species that live in it.
Protected natural goods – preserved part of the nature of the special natural values and qualities, due to them- it has a permanent ecological, scientific, cultural, educational, health - recreational, touristic and other important significance, therefore as good of general interest enjoys special protection.
Protection - taking measures to prevent and mitigate the actions of factors that directly threaten the natural values, usually through prohibitions and restrictions.
Protection of nature - a set of measures and procedures with the aim of natural ecosystems protection, to the greatest extent possible, mostly from negative man's activities caused by social development that is incompatible with the available natural resources.
Protective belt - is an area outside the protected natural goods that is determined to prevent a negative impact on the protected goods.
Environment-
a) All factors (biotic and a biotic), representing the environment of individuals, species or population, including biological communities or human population;
b) Overall environment, physical and biological, living and inanimate, natural cultivated and extended, socio-political, cultural and aesthetic, timed in the past and future. This external environment interacts with the internal human environment that makes the needs and aspirations, feelings, expectations and performance.
